Answer:
b. Replicated chromosomes line up on the equatorial plate.
Explanation:
Mitosis starts with the breakdown of the nuclear envelop and condensation of chromatids into visible chromosomes. Since DNA replication has occurred during the S-phase of interphase, each chromosome has two sister chromatids held together by a centromere. A chromosome with two sister chromatids is said to be a replicated chromosome.
Metaphase of mitosis includes the alignment of replicated chromosomes at the cell's equator. The process is assisted by the spindle apparatus. This is followed by splitting of centromere and separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.
Hi there! I hope I'm not late. The answer is D and E. I just got it right. Hope this helps ;)
The inner membrane of mitochondria contains many proteins, has no pores and is very selective; It contains many enzyme complexes and transmembrane transport systems, which are involved in translocation of molecules. This membrane forms invaginations or folds called mitochondrial ridges, which considerably enlarge the surface for affixing these enzymes. In most eukaryotes, the folds form flattened partitions perpendicular to the mitochondrial axis, but some protists have a tubular or discoid shape. In the composition of the inner membrane there is a great abundance of proteins (80%), which are, moreover, exclusive of this organ, namely:
1. The electron transport chain, consisting of four fixed enzyme complexes and two mobile electron transporters:
- Complex I or NADH dehydrogenase containing flavon mononucleotide (FMN).
- Complex II or succinate dehydrogenase. Complexes I and II give electrons to coenzyme Q or ubiquinone.
- Complex III or cytochrome bc1 that yields electrons to cytochrome c.
- Complex IV or cytochrome c oxidase that gives off electrons to O2 to produce two water molecules.
2- An enzymatic complex, the H + ATP synthetase channel that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation).
3- Carrier proteins that allow ions and other molecules to pass through the membrane, such as fatty acids, pyruvic acid, ADP, ATP, O2 and water. The following mitochondrial transporters may be highlighted:
- Adenine translocase nucleotide. It is responsible for transporting to the mitochondrial matrix the cytosolic ADP formed during the energy consuming reactions and, in parallel, translocates to the cytosol the newly synthesized ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.
- Phosphate translocase. Cytosolic phosphate translocation together with the proton to the matrix; Phosphate is essential for phosphorizing ADP during oxidative phosphorization.
The three evidences that Murchison cites to prove that Jonas’s tumor did not arise from the cells of his own body are DNA sequencing, the DNA of cancer cells from all numerous Tasmanian devils were the same, the cancer spread through bite of the devil.
Explanation:
Elizabeth Murchison, an Oncology geneticist, conducted various researches to study about the spread of contagious cancer among Tasmanian devils.
Murchison conducted research on various devils like Jonas, Kimbo and studied how the cancer spread and invaded the devils.
The first thing that Murchison discovered was that the DNA sequence of the tumor cells was different from that of his own cells in his body. Further genetic profiling proved that the tumor cell sequence was similar to some other Tasmanian female devil, while the Jonas devil was a male.
The next thing she found was that all the cancer cells sampled from numerous Tasmanian devils were sharing the same DNA, which meant that it was spreading among the population of devils.
Since the Tasmanian devils are ferocious and bites each other, cancer must have spread through the saliva of each animal
Thus, Tasmanian devil cancer is a unique type of cancer that does not rise from one’s own cell but by spreading among its own population.
Answer:
answer is part (4)
Explanation:
A sequence of bases on DNA that code for a specific protein
