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Answer:
In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union.Gorbachev saw that the arms race with the United States and the war in Afghanistan had the potential to bankrupt the Soviet Union. Gorbachev was a reformer. He believed that political and economic reforms went together, and if the Soviet economy was not reformed, it could collapse Under his policy of glasnost—speaking openly about Soviet problems—Soviet citizens were allowed to criticize the government.Finally, Gorbachev wanted to improve relations with the United States. In 1987, Gorbachev and Reagan agreed to a new arms treaty in which the Soviet Union and the United States each pledged to eliminate short- and medium-range nuclear missiles.
It didn't and it did. Just because the case happened in 1954 doesn't mean that schools ended segregation, as a matter of fact it lasted for almost a decade more, if not longer because schools would still refuse to obey. Southern communities were especially supportive of segregation, and even when the civil rights acts were implemented they still didn't support them and they didn't want to be around African-Americans only it had to be hidden. On the other hand, when a Supreme Court makes a decision it does sway people to support it. That is because there is an idea of everyone being equal in the eyes of law and the supreme court is the judge on what is lawful and what isn't based on the constitution. Since there's no greater legal act than the constitution, when the supreme court makes a decision it means that the decision fits the constitution and for many Americans the constitution is almost a holy document that guides their lives. A negative externality can be for example the rise of extremism. During the reconstruction period Ku Klux Klan rose as a negative externality of the era. During the civil acts era they grew stronger again because racist people were enraged by things like desegregation.
The sides both expected a speedy triumph yet they weren't right as the war went on for a long time ending the lives of numerous. The main real skirmish of the Civil War was the First Battle if Bull Run. The Confederacy won which stunned Northerners and made them understand that the war could be long and troublesome.