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In the United States before 1865, a slave state was a state in which the slave trade was legal, while a free state was one in which it was not. There were some enslaved persons in most free states in the 1840 census, and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 specifically stated that an enslaved person remained enslaved even when she or he fled to a free state. Between 1812 and 1850, it was considered important that the number of free and slave states were kept in balance, so new states were admitted in pairs.
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The proclamation would only apply to the Confederate States, as an act to seize enemy resources. By freeing slaves in the Confederacy, Lincoln was actually freeing people he did not directly control. The way he explained the Proclamation made it acceptable to much of the Union army.
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He was referring to his plan to "pack the courts" with judges he endorsed.
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The Tariff of 1828 was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States.
As a result, Americans manufactured their own products. To protect infant manufacturers, Congress passed the nation’s first protective tariff: the tariff of 1816.
Jackson saw the threat of secession as a threat to federal authority and he stated that he would personally lead an army into South Carolina in order to enforce federal control. South Carolina backed down from its secession threat when other states did not join in protesting the tariff and secession.
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