India was an excellent trading spot. Many merchants from different countries came and traded with Britain, which in turn brought Britain more money.
In the 1860s, most factories were located in the North of the United States, mostly because the South was largely agricultural and remained this way for many years.
To my knowledge it's B: Marxism. I hope this helped!
The main focus city of the Crusades was Jerusalem. The idea was that it was Christian territory, or at least should be Christian territory, and they always went to reconquer it. The fourth Crusade never made it to Jerusalem because they were busy sacking Constantinople which had a lot of troubles due to constant wars of the Byzantine Empire.