The Native American response: The other major players in this struggle for control of North America were, of course, the American Indians. Modern historians no longer see the encounters between Native Americans and Europeans through the old lens in which “discoverers of a New World” find a “wilderness” inhabited by “savages.” Instead they,Ulysses Grant’s Failed Attempt to Grant Native Americans Citizenship ... By the time Grant left office in 1877, his “peace policy,” as the press had nicknamed it, was judged a failure by all
After the Piegan massacre, in 1870, military officers were barred from holding elected or appointed offices. During Grant's first term, American Indian Wars decreased. By the end of his second term, his Peace policy fell apart. Settlers demanded to invade Native land to get access to gold in the Black Hills.
