The first person that answered is correct just to let you know!
Answer:

point mutation, change within a gene in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered. Point mutations are frequently the result of mistakes made during DNA replication, although modification of DNA, such as through exposure to X-rays or to ultraviolet radiation, also can induce point mutations
I believe the answer is Volcanic glass
Answer:
Chemiosmosis
Explanation:
The electrons from from NADH and FADH2 pass through the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, donating their electrons and generating a H+ buildup. This generates a proton pump to power ATP synthase. This process is called chemiosmosis.