Explanation:
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1.each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.
A scavenger is an organism that mostly consumes decaying biomass, such as meat or rotting plant material. Many scavengers are a type of carnivore, which is an organism that eats meat. While most carnivores hunt and kill their prey, scavengers usually consume animals that have either died of natural causes or been killed by another carnivore.
Scavengers are a part of the food web, a description of which organisms eat which other organisms in the wild. Organisms in the food web are grouped into trophic, or nutritional, levels. There are three trophic levels. Autotrophs, organisms that produce their own food, are the first trophic level. These include plants and algae. Herbivores, or organisms that consume plants and other autotrophs, are the second trophic level. Scavengers, other carnivores, and omnivores, organisms that consume both plants and animals, are the third trophic level.
Nitrogen is converted from atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into usable forms, such as NO2-, in a process known as fixation. The majority of nitrogen is fixed by bacteria, most of which are symbiotic with plants. Recently fixed ammonia is then converted to biologically useful forms by specialized bacteria.
Answer:
Unlike the terrestrial planets that make up our inner solar system — Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars — the Jovian planets do not have solid surfaces. Instead, they are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, with traces of methane, ammonia, water, and other gases in their atmospheres.
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Answer:
Scientist study moving forces, biology, chemistry, and any other natural or unnatural study.
Answer:
f = m - u
Explanation:
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification associated with the regulation of gene expression. As such, the analysis of DNA methylation marks and the dynamics of this process may shed light on the genes that are being expressed at a given time in a given cell type/tissue. In the example above described, f is defined as the fraction of the DNA molecule that is methylated after one (1) hour, whose value can be estimated by subtracting u fraction (i.e., fraction of methylated locations that become unmethylated) from m fraction (i.e., fraction of unmethylated locations that become methylated).
In consequence, the equation is
f = m - u
