Although the Crusades are popularly viewed as religiously inspired campaigns to recapture the Holy Land, students should recognize them as a result of the social and economic events in Europe between 1000 and 1200. Religious and secular leaders seeking to end the fighting among feudal lords seized upon the Crusades as a means of redirecting that aggression. Feudal knights who would not be inheriting their family properties eagerly enlisted in the Crusades as a way to win wealth or status. The idea of the pilgrimage was a powerful one, and the Crusades were basically armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land. The various Crusades ultimately failed. The sack of Constantinople was a fitting denouement to the whole concept. The interaction with the East brought to Europe not only Arabic translations of Greek texts, but also original Arabic and Iranian scientific and philosophical works.
A. He passed a statewide prohibition law stating it was illegal to make or sell alcohol. Neal S. Dow was the mayor of the city of Portland in Maine and was also a general in the Union Army during the Civil War. He was a highly controversial character who once ordered for a troop to fire on a crowd, where he killed one person, and then was tried for this. He then became a leader of the Temperance Movement, following his political career. The temperance movement is a movement against the consumption of alcohol, something he stood for the whole of his life.
Correct Answer: B. Slaves
