In the 1970s, the supply of gas was affected by price controls imposed by the Nixon administration and then by an oil embargo by Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
As a political move aimed at pleasing voters, President Richard Nixon announced in 1971 (prior to his reelection campaign of 1972), "I am today ordering a freeze on all prices and wages throughout the United States.” The wage and price controls the Nixon administration sought to put in place interfered with natural market forces and oil supplies were reduced. That problem was magnified in 1973 when oil exporting countries in the Arab world imposed an embargo on supplies to the United States due to US support of Israel in a war that Israel was fighting against a coalition of Arab states.
Both factors -- lingering efforts at price controls and continued control of the oil and gas market by OPEC nations -- played into the long lines at gas pumps seen in America in the 1970s.
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The Capture of Ormuz in 1507 occurred when the Portuguese Afonso de Albuquerque attacked Hormuz Island to establish the Fortress of Ormuz.
Northern places like Canada were colonized by France. The mid part was at first colonized by the Dutch but then the colonies were taken by the British. The central American part, including South America and the Carribean was mostly controlled by the Spanish. Portugal had control of Brazil while Russians started slowly moving towards Alaska but couldn't establish colonies until the 18th century.
Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses were used in the South after 1890 to keep african americans from voting.
As many African Americans were poor or illiterate (being foreign slaves), they usually failed tests. The Poll tax was first instituted to keep slaves from voting, but with the poorest of the poor whites complaining, they soon changed it to the literacy test, so that they can keep slaves from using their new found right of voting.
