The last Muslim kingdom of Spain. It was seized by Ferdinand and Isabel being seen as one of the "problems" of 1492. Granada had a lot of Muslim influence (El Alhambra- a major region for trade and markets for European and luxury goods)
So Im guessing Europe
The Europeans were interest in Africa for two main reasons, slaves and resources. They needed the west African coastline for slave trading since that's where all the slaves were taken by their captors to be sold, and they needed to go deeper into the continent to get natural resources. Central and Southern central Africa were places with things like Gold, but they also needed the subsaharan area for things like Ivory from elephants. They were also looking for things like diamonds.
The borders were created without any regards for people living there which meant that tribes would often be separated and clustered with other tribes that didn't have their cultural beliefs, or didn't even speak the same language. This caused a lot of civil wars because after the colonization, the borders remained, so different ethnic tribes would fight for power over the other tribes.
The “enemies” of the Church in Europe included people who were not Christians. It also included Christians who were labeled heretics, that is, people who challenged the official teachings of the Church or who questioned the pope’s power and authority.
Millions of people, Christian and non-Christian, soldiers and noncombatants lost their lives during the Crusades. In addition to the enormous loss of life, the debt incurred and other economic costs associated with the multiple excursions to the Middle East impacted all levels of society, from individual families and villages, to budding nation-states. The wars also resulted in the destruction of cities and towns that lay in the crusaders’ wake. In his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon refers to the Crusades as an event in which “the lives and labours of millions, which were buried in the East, would have been more profitably employed in the improvement of their native country.”
