Answer:
It is pertinent to understand what hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solution means before setting out to explain how a cell reaches equilibrium in each type of solution.
A hypertonic solution is one whose solute concentration is higher than that of the sap of a cell that is immersed in it.
A hypotonic solution is one with the same solute concentration as that of the sap of the cell immersed in it.
An isotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than that of the sap of the cell immersed in it.
In biological systems, water molecules move by osmosis from the region of higher water potential or lower concentration of solutes to the region of lower water potential or higher concentration of solute. An equilibrium is reached when there is no net movement of water between two sides. Hence;
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will lose water to the surrounding solution until an equilibrium is reached. This means that such a cell will end up shrinking (wilting) or even dying due to loss of water from the cell sap.
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will gain water from the surrounding solution until there is no net movement of water anymore. Such a cell might become turgid or even burst out its cell content.
A cell placed in an isotonic solution will neither gain nor lose water because the cell sap and the surrounding solution have equal solute concentrations.
Explanation:
The seeds an evolutionary advantage for seed plants because seeds develop into adults without sxual reproduction.
<h3>What is the evolutionary importance of the seed?</h3>
Seeds play an important role in the dispersion of plant species, that is, they ensure that plants spread throughout the environment. In addition to guaranteeing a greater area of domain for the species, competition between the newly born plant and the mother plant is also avoided.
Seeds allow the expansion of a type of plant around the world in addition to being a form of asexual reproduction that makes it unnecessary to join gametes.
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B water pollution is the answer
Peristalsis is the name for the waves of contractions that propel substance s along a tract. It is a series of wave-like contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the gastrointestinal tract and starts in the esophagus when the boluses of food are swallowed. The wave motion is produced by the longitudinal smooth muscles that line up the esophagus, stomach, small intestines and the colon and is triggered by presence of food.
In aluminium fluoride, aluminium carries positive charges so fluoride should carry negative charge to be electrically neutral.So for aluminium ion with three positive charges fluoride ion should possess three negative charges to make aluminium fluoride electrically neutral.
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