DNA microarrays allow scientists to determine the genotype of a chunk of our genome and also measure the how the genes in that chunk are expressed. Using this technique has been essential in isolating genes that predispose people to cancers, and therefore allowing physicians to preemptively identify and monitor at-risk individuals. For instance, the genes BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 have all been identified (using DNA microarrays) and linked to breast cancer. Knowing this allows individuals to seek out testing and take appropriate measures to prevent cancer/monitor the possible onset of cancer, which has proven to be life-saving.
Guanine and adenine, structure-wise, are purines.
Answer and Explanation:
In crickets, femur length represents a highly important trait associated with jumping performance - an essential behavior for their survival and reproduction.
According to research, these are the possible advantages and disadvantages in regard to long femur length:
Advantages
- Longer legs [may] provide higher power for the muscles in order to jump.
- Long-legged crickets generate lower reaction forces while performing a jump, which enables them to lose less energy in comparison with crickets with shorter femur length.
Disadvantages
- Longer femurs may increase the total take-off time of a cricken prior to a jump.
- In some cases, longer femurs force insects to develop head or body structures to enable them to 'fit' the legs while they prepare to jump.
- Increased energy loss while jumping from an elevated leaf.
The correct answer is: In DNA and RNA, a phosphodiester linkage connects the 3' carbon of one nucleotide and the 5' carbon of another.
The phosphate of one nucleotide is covalently bound to the sugar of the next nucleotide in DNA molecule (or hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule (deoxyribose) and the 5' carbon atom of another sugar molecule (deoxyribose) to form two ester bonds). In RNA molecule linkage is between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule (ribose) and the 5' carbon atom of another, (ribose).
Hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds is catalyzed by the action of enzymes phosphodiesterases.
