The objectives of the Crusades were to check the spread of Islam, to retake control of the Holy Land, to conquer pagan areas, and to recapture formerly Christian territories. The Crusades were seen by many of their participants as a means of redemption and expiation for sins.
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Answer:
European leadership has many faces - till today. The following successor states were formed (entirely or in part) on the territory of the former Austria-Hungary: German Austria and First Austrian Republic.
Answer:
Right choice:
D) Found themselves increasingly left out of the political process because of poll taxes and literacy tests.
Explanation:
After the Civil War, despite their defeat and the passing of the 14th Amendment in 1868, southern states passed legislation whose practical purpose was to keep black people, formally free, in poverty, without access to education and being unable to exercise their civic rights such as voting. Those laws later became known as the Jim Crow laws. Black Americans lived in a segregation system de facto in the South that denied them dignity and a decent living standard.