Answer:
d. tortillians
Explanation:
Artists very often use chamois leather widely known as 'shammy' in charcoal and pencil drawing, as blending tool which can soften pencil tones. Shammy is a smaller piece of lamb skin treated by oils.
The gum is not only a means of wiping out a mistake from a drawing, but also a way to draw white lines from surfaces that are already saturated with graphite or carbon, in other words - to work in the negative and blend pencil or charcoal tone.
Because it is a soft and sticky rubber, it will be easy for you to mold exactly the rubber you need to remove coal dust or graphite from paper. It won't stain on the drawing, nor is it too strong to tear the paper due to frequent corrections, so it's great for beginners and students. 
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
the answer is B. the material of a work of art.
hope it helps!
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
The answer is <u><em>Combine painting</em></u>
In his work called Monogram, Robert Rauschenberg put everyday objects together with collage and Expressionist paintings to form what he called <em><u>combine painting.</u></em>
Explanation:
This artwork is composed of a stuffed goat with its middle passing through a car tire over an Expressionist painting. As his famous work, this artistic combination of objects created a creative abstractionism with a mixture of surrealism. Several interpretations were made related to this artwork, but I believe that the main objective of this creation is just exists and be observed.