The most immediate effect of the Vietnam War was the staggering death toll. The war killed an estimated 2 million Vietnamese civilians, 1.1 million North Vietnamese troops, 200,000 South Vietnamese troops, and 58,000 U.S. troops. Those wounded in combat numbered tens of thousands more. The massive U.S. bombing of both North and South Vietnam left the country in ruins, and the U.S. Army’s use of herbicides such as Agent Orange not only devastated Vietnam’s natural environment but also caused widespread health problems that have persisted for decades.
Prussia was a strange little country. For most of its life, it was all split up. Ducal Prussia in the East was held by the Elector of Brandenburg, while royal Prussia in the West was part of Poland. By the beginning of the 18th century, the Hohenzollern family held firm control over both Brandenburg and Ducal Prussia, but it was always seeking to expand and collect more territory. In 1701, Elector Frederick III received the title 'King in Prussia' as a reward for helping the Holy Roman Emperor and Austrian ruler Leopold I, and the Kingdom of Prussia officially began.
Over the next several decades, Prussia grew in power, politically and militarily. The next king, Frederick William I, who reigned from 1713 to 1740, built up a massive army. He started out with about 38,000 soldiers in 1713, but by the time of his death, Prussia was a military powerhouse with over 80,000 well-trained soldiers.
The king's successor, Frederick II, at first seemed unlikely to make good use of all that military might. The new king styled himself as an 'enlightened' monarch. He studied the ideas of the Enlightenment, wrote essays on political philosophy, played and composed music and patronized the arts. Frederick II, however, was no wimp. He had an aggressive side, as we shall soon see.
The battle of bosworth in 1485
A true-false statement is any sentence that is either true or false but not both. A negation of a statement has the opposite meaning of a truth value. A negations is written as ~p.
If we call the statement: cucumbers are green, p then:
p: cucumbers are green - this statement is true.
~p: cucumbers are not green - this statement is false.
If we join two statements we can form a compound statement or a conjunction. A conjunction could contain the two statements q and p:
p: cucumbers are green.
q: cucumbers are vegetables.
Conjunctions are noted:
p∧q
This is read - p and q. Cucumbers are green and vegetables.
A conjunction is true only if both statements that form the conjunction is true.
If we have two statements that are joined by "or" we have a disjunction.
Example:
p: Bill is travelling to Mexican q: Bill is travelling to Canada
p or q gives us that Bill is travelling to Mexico or Bill is travelling to Canada.
Disjunctions are noted:
p∨q
This is read - p or q.
A disjunction is true if at least one of the statements that form it is true.
