What was the whole question?
A. Evidence about 10th century trade networks
There are only two ways Vikings could have gained gold from the middle east, raiding and trading. Despite what many people believe, the Vikings were excellent traders, following rivers all across Europe. Many people believe that the Vikings traded in the Middle East for Damascus steel, making their own weapons superior to those in England and France.
"a. Books became less expensive to purchase" and "b. Books became available to many people throughout Europe" and "<span>c. The literacy rate began to rise as interest in learning grew" would all be results of the invention of the Printing Press, since before this scribes were needed. </span>
Became Roman Emperor after years serving the prior emperor.