Hello. You did not present the source 1 to which the question refers, which makes it impossible for that question to be answered. However, I will try to help you in the best possible way.
The main ideologies developed in the 19th century were anarchism, liberalism and socialism. It is likely that the source to which your question refers, presents one of these ideologies, due to the great relevance that they presented in the 19th century.
Liberalism was originated by John Locke, Montesquieu and Adam Smith and was in favor of the division of political powers, maintenance of private property, the right to life and freedom of expression. In addition, this ideology denied the need for government intervention in the national economy or in the way industries and companies were conducted.
Socialism, in turn, defended the end of social classes, the valorization of the working class, the end of the exploitation of the working class by the ruling class, the devaluation of the rich classes and the end of poverty. Socialism was divided into Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism. Utopian socialism asserted that socialism was an idology that could be applied peacefully in society. Scientific socialism asserted that the problems of social class divisions would only be solved through research on these problems and their scientific analysis.
Anarchism believed in the same things as socialism, but it preached the total destruction of the government and the rise of the working class as government commanders and leaders. Anarchism fought any kind of government policy, which did not present the working class as the center of established policies.
