Passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866, and ratified two years later, on July 9, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,”
Two things that increased american interchanges in the late 1800s were "b. the telegraph and telephone," since both of these creations significantly accelerated correspondence and made it more productive.
