The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron prior to the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten.
Related decarburizing with air processes had been used outside of Europe for hundreds of years, but not on an industrial scale.[1] One such process has existed since the 11th century in East Asia, where the scholar Shen Kuo describes its use in the Chinese iron and steel industry.[2][3] In the 17th century, accounts by European travelers detailed its possible use by the Japanese.[4]
The modern process is named after its inventor, the Englishman Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1856.[5] The process was claimed to be independently discovered in 1851 by the American inventor William Kelly,[4][6] though there is little to back up this claim.[7][8][9][10]
The process using a basic refractory lining is known as the "basic Bessemer process" or "Gilchrist-Thomas process" after the discoverer Sidney Gilchrist Thomas
That would be a republic. America is a Constitutional Federal Republic
The American Revolution transformed American society into a nation founded on what was regarded as radical principles that subordinated the function of government to natural law. Viewpoint: No. The American Revolution was a conservative movement intended to preserve the existing social, political, and economic order.
Answer:
Stalin resented the Western Allie's delay in attacking the Germans in Europe and that the United States had tried to keep its development of the atomic bomb a secret.
Explanation:
Stalin always pressed England and the US to open another front during the 1940s as German forces were concentrating to deepen in the Soviet territory.
He believed the Western allies were on purpose to profit from the weakening of the USSR as it fought against Nazi Germany.
The delayed had enabled Nazis to redirect manpower to the Eastern front.
Stalin was annoyed since he believed the US and Britain delayed to open the second front against German troops in the West, and demanded a buffer formed from Baltic nations and Poland after the war.
The development of the atomic bomb was jealously held by the US, as it gave the supremacy on the overall outcome of the war and its unrevealing by alleged "spies" meant that the USSR and the US would start an arms race.
The rivalry in atomic weapons was quickly contested in the 1950s and soon to be followed by the space race.
The answer is
d) voting and employment
The first lines talk about giving the right to vote to an individual despite making a mistake in trying to vote as long as his mistake is not a result of his inability to select a proper candidate
The last lines talk about giving equal opportunity to an individual to be hired for a job regardless of race, sex or national origin.
