Answer:
1. Removal or replacement.
2. Immune defense.
3. Endonuclease enzyme; Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).
4. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).
5. In the viral genome but not in bacteria.
Explanation:
Genome editing can be defined as a high-tech process which avail scientists the opportunity or ability to remove (delete), replace and insert Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence in a living organism such as bacterias, animals, plants etc in order to correct a genetic disorder and to improve on their physical and chemical conditions.
1. Genome editing is a process by which specific sequences of DNA are targeted for removal or replacement.
2. "CRISPR" is the most widely used method for genome editing. These clustered, regularly interspersed, short palindromic repeats were first discovered acting as immune defense in prokaryotes. CRISPR is an acronym for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and it is a DNA sequence that was first discovered in the genomes of prokaryotes such as archaea and bacterias.
3. The CRISPR system relies on an endonuclease enzyme called Cas9, which inactivates invading viruses by breaking the DNA strands.
4. Cas9 (CRISPR associated protein 9) relies on a guide RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) molecule to locate specific nucleotides to be cut in the viral genome.
5. The bacteria is protected against the destructive nature of Cas9 by a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence found in the viral genome but not in bacteria.
