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Luba_88 [7]
3 years ago
11

The bottom half please ?

Biology
1 answer:
DanielleElmas [232]3 years ago
4 0

.

Explanation:

U NEED TO PU5 THIS UP AGAIN BECAUSE I CANT SEE IT ÑET ME KNOW WHEN U PUT IT UP

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The CRISPR/Cas9 system can cleave genomic DNA at sequences other than the desired target, a phenomenon referred to as off target
Deffense [45]

Answer:

The minimum length of a sgRNA sequence to avoid off target cleavage by the CRISPR/Cas system in the fly fruit genome is 14 bases

Explanation:

We are trying to use the CRISPR/Cas system to cleavage the genome of the fruit fly (which is 1.4x10^8 bp long). Also we desire the cleavage to be unique. That means we need a target sequence long enough to be able to assume it will only appear once in the genome.

First, we should think that in every position, we can find one out of four different nucleotide (A, C, T, G). So, the probability of getting a sequence of a given length "n" will be (1/4)^n (We are assuming that the probability of finding a nucleotide in the position "i", it's independent of the nucleotide we find in any other position "j").

Also, to know how many times a sequence will appear in a genome (the expected value of occurrence), we must multiply the probability of that sequence to randomly occur by the length of the genome. For our specific example, the number of occurence of a sequence of length "n" is:

nºoccurence=[(1/4)^n]*1.4*10^8

But in this case, what we want is the expected number of times the sequence will appear to be 1, and we want to obtain the length of the target sequence (n).

Given the information above, we know that:

[(1/4)^n]*1.4*10^8 =1

[(1/4)^n]=(1/1.4*10^8)=1.4*10^-8

Then, if we want to calculate n, we can use logarithms and its properties to get:

log[(1/4)^n]=log[1.4*10^-8]

n*log[(1/4)]=log[1.4*10^-8]

n=log[1.4*10^-8]/log[(1/4)] => n=13.29 approximately.

As the sequence needs to have a natural number of elements, <u>we can conclude that using a target sequence of a minimum of 14 bases with the CRISPR/Cas system in the fly fruit genome should be enough to avoid off target cleavage.</u>

3 0
3 years ago
What is the effect of soil salinization on crops?
matrenka [14]

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Salinity affects production in crops, pastures and trees by interfering with nitrogen uptake, reducing growth and stopping plant reproduction. Some ions (particularly chloride) are toxic to plants and as the concentration of these ions increases, the plant is poisoned and dies.

Explanation:

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What process happens to reproduce new viruses
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Viral replication involves six steps: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release. During attachment and penetration, the virus attaches itself to a host cell and injects its genetic material into it.

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Whigh part of an atom is responsible<br>for the flow of electricity? *​
Gre4nikov [31]

Answer:

Atoms are composed of particles called protons, electrons and neutrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge, electrons carry a negative electrical charge and neutrons carry no electrical charge at all.

Explanation:

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At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.
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