Answer:
A mutation that causes a single letter change in the DNA sequence can affect your protein structure and function because the sequence of letters in a gene determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein that it encodes. A single letter change in the DNA alters the mRNA which alters the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein and sometimes that can cause serious results if it changes the way a protein works.
ex. sickle cell disease - a single letter swap in the gene that encodes the hemoglobin molecule results in deformed red blood cells
Hope that helps.
This, though a broad statement, is true as far as I can tell.
Answer:
No, glucose and sucrose are not complex substances. Both are simple substances. Complex molecules are polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch.
Explanation:
Glucose is made of one sugar atom and known as monosaccharide, while sucrose is composed of two sugar atoms i. e. glucose and fructose. So that's why glucose and sucrose are not complex molecules.
For PFK protein, the targeting pathway is CYTOPLASM ONLY.
For insulin protein, the targeting pathway is: ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM TO THE GOLGI BODY TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE CELL.
There are basically two general targeting pathways for proteins in the eukaryotic cells. Proteins that function in the cytoplasm are released directly into the cytoplasm while other proteins are translated on ribosomes that are bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
