The southern hemisphere would be experiencing winter :)
Answer:
D. When you are analyzing DNA of organisms
Explanation:
Cladistics is focused on tracing common ancestors, which relies not only on physical characteristics but also DNA evidences. Cladistics is also known as modern taxonomy. Linnean taxonomy is more on the physical characteristics, which is also called traditional taxonomy. As technology progressed so did taxanomic categories, which allowed researchers to compare DNA to determine similarities in seemingly unrelated animals.
Since all cells in our body contain DNA, there are lots of places for mutations to occur; however, some mutations cannot be passed on to offspring and do not matter for evolution. Somatic mutations<span> occur in non-reproductive cells and won't be passed onto offspring. For example, the golden color on half of this Red Delicious apple was caused by a somatic mutation. Its seeds will not carry the mutation.
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A single germ line mutation can have a range of effects:
<span><span>No change occurs in phenotype.
Some mutations don't have any noticeable effect on the phenotype of an organism. This can happen in many situations: perhaps the mutation occurs in a stretch of DNA with no function, or perhaps the mutation occurs in a protein-coding region, but ends up not affecting the amino acid sequence of the protein.</span><span>Small change occurs in phenotype.
A single mutation caused this cat's ears to curl backwards slightly.</span><span>Big change occurs in phenotype.
Some really important phenotypic changes, like DDT resistance in insects are sometimes caused by single mutations. A single mutation can also have strong negative effects for the organism. Mutations that cause the death of an organism are called lethals — and it doesn't get more negative than that.</span></span>
