He was a French monarch who is believed to be the first renaissance king of France. He was known for his investments into arts and sciences, and also for making an alliance with Ottomans, more precisely with Suleiman the Magnificent, which was odd for the time period since he was a Christian, unlike the Ottomans.
monarchs expanded royal authority and laid the foundations for united nation-states. They jealously guarded their rights and privileges against any effort by rulers to increase royal authority. Monarchs used various means to centralize power.
