The resolution of the Supreme Court Case of West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette was a landmark decision reached by the court, which stated that the right of freedom of speech provided by the First Amendment legimated students to refuse to salute the US flag or to spout the The Pledge of Allegiance of the flag if they attended a public school. It is therefore not mandatory, and more important, not considered a criminal offence to refuse to perform publicly patriotic demonstration acts.
The court victory was achieved by the Jehovah's Witnesses who, due to the prescriptions of their religion, could not salute or pledge to symbols. The Supreme Court ruling decided that the state should not have the power to oblige citizens to express themselves in a certain manner. Therefore, it is a clear defense to the right of speech, and it proves how the legal and judicial instruments guarantee it for citizens.
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Malaysia is often held up as a model nation that blends modern secular institutions with a tolerant brand of Islam. Sharia, or Islamic law, is followed but in the context of a constitutional framework. A recent decision, however, by Malaysia’s high court refusing to recognize a Muslim woman’s conversion to Christianity has called into question the country’s freedom of religion and multi-faith identity. Similar cases in Afghanistan, Egypt, and Jordan also have aroused concern among Western-based rights groups about Islam’s compatibility with democracy.
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Alfred Wegener proposed that the continents were once united into a single supercontinent named Pangaea, meaning all earth in ancient Greek. He suggested that Pangaea broke up long ago and that the continents then moved to their current positions. He called his hypothesis continental drift
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Racial segregation in the public schools is unconstitutional, as a violation of the equal protection cause . Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka , 347 U.S 483 was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separated public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, which allowed state-sponsored segregation , insofar as it applied to public education. Handed down on may 17, 1954, The Warren Court’s unanimous decision stated that " separate educational facilities are inherently unequal " As a result, de jure racial segregation was ruled a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of The Fourteenth Amendment of The United States Constitution. This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the Civil Rights Movement, and a model for many future impact litigation cases.
However, the decision’s fourteen pages did not spell out any sort of method for ending racial segregation in schools , and the Court’s second decision in Brown II, 349 U.S 249 only ordered states to desegregate " with all deliberate speed "
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