Christianity, but because religion gave slaves a hope to escape and a voice to channel their thoughts, many slave owners did all they could to keep their slaves away from Bibles and churces.
The assassin of President Garfield was a disgruntled office seeker. Arthur believed the Pendleton Act's merit system would prevent similar retaliations by unqualified spoils system applicants.
The Greek city-states had highly developed their artwork during the period prior to the creation of the Roman Empire. This artwork could be appreciated in all of the constructions throughout Ancient Greece.
The Romans subsequently adopted the Greek style of architecture. After the fall of Rome and the founding of the Byzantine empire in 330 CE, the Greek architectural style continued to maintain its predominance over other styles of art as it is evidenced in the temples and buildings located in the city of Constantinople, which served as the capital of the empire.