At a fundamental level, water provides electrons to replace those removed from chlorophyll in photosystem II. Also, water produces oxygen as well as reduces NADP to NADPH (required in the Calvin cycle) by liberating H+ ions
During the process of photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water react in the presence of sunlight to form one glucose molecule and six molecules of oxygen. The role of water is to release oxygen (O) from the water molecule into the atmosphere in the form of oxygen gas (O2).
Water also has another important role of being an electron feeder. In the process of photosynthesis, water provides the electron that binds the hydrogen atom (of a water molecule) to the carbon (of carbon dioxide) to give sugar (glucose).
Water acts as a reducing agent by providing H+ ions that convert NADP to NADPH. Since NADPH is an important reducing agent present in chloroplasts, its production results in a deficit of electrons, resulting from oxidation of chlorophyll. This loss of electron must be fulfilled by electrons from some other reducing agent. Photosystem II involves the first few steps of the Z-scheme (the diagram of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis) and therefore a reducing agent that can donate electrons is required to oxidize chlorophyll, which is provided by water (acting as a source of electrons in green plants and cynobacteria). Hydrogen ions thus released create a chemical potential (chemiosmotic) across the membrane that finally results in synthesis of ATP. Photosystem II is the primary known enzyme that acts as catalyst in this oxidation of water.
Answer:
Somatic nervous system.
Explanation:
The somatic nervous system is the part of the nervous system in vertebrates that is related to the work of the skeletal muscles and the sense organs. The nerves of the somatic nervous system innervate the skin, striated muscles, eyes, nose, ears and other organs, allowing them to see, hear, feel, taste and smell through the sense organs. The somatic nervous system is involved in directing information from the corresponding receptor cells to the central nervous system and viceversa.
According to Copernicus, what is the first duty of the astronomer<span>? observation. an astronomer's work should explain past astronomical observations as well as. predict future observations. if an astronomer's hypotheses provide a calculus consistent with the observations, the astronomer's work is sufficient.</span>
The Europeans never had experienced farming in this new world, and the crops were all new to them. If you remember the Pilgrims, they had just came from Europe, and just barely survived a harsh winter, and they were desperate for food. The natives helped them grows these new crops in the new land more efficiently and effectively. Once they got used to the conditions and got settled in the new world, however, they started planting their own crops from Europe.
Answer:
The Incas are the ones who built a road system rivaling the Romans'.
Explanation:
N/A
