Answer:
The species that will be most similar to humans will be
1. rhesus
2. pigeon
3. fruit fly
Explanation:
Evolution can be described as the process in which different organism evolve from common ancestors over a long period of time. Evolutionary studies show that some organisms have more shared characteristics as compared with other organisms. These organisms with common characteristics are believed to be closer to one another and evolved from the same ancestors.
In the above question, as there is only one difference between the cytochrome c of humans and rhesus, hence rhesus is the closest to humans. Pigeons has lesser number of differences than fruit fly, hence it is second on the list. Fruit fly has the maximum differences hence it is placed last.
About 4 times more ATP is generated during oxidative phosphorylation than substrate-level phosphorylation.
<h3>Oxidative phosphorylation:</h3>
In the metabolism process known as oxidative phosphorylation, also known as electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation, cells employ catalysts to oxidize carbohydrates, liberating chemical energy and producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a consequence.
- According to some modern studies, the ATP output after aerobic respiration is only approximately 30-32 ATP molecules /molecule of glucose, rather than 36-38, because:
During oxidative phosphorylation,
- the ATP: NADH+H+ and ATP: FADH2 ratios appear to be 2.5 and 1.5 instead of 3 and 2, respectively.
<h3>Substrate level phosphorylation:</h3>
- Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolic activity that produces ATP or GTP by the direct transfer of a phosphoryl (PO3) group from another phosphorylated chemical to ADP or GDP.
- Substrate level phosphorylation happens via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. It happens in two phases during glycolysis, and because 2 molecules are involved, it eventually creates 4 ATP from a glucose molecule.
- As a result, the total ATP molecules generated from substrate-level phosphorylation of a glucose molecule during aerobic respiration will be 4+2 = 6.
Therefore, it is concluded that ATP generated during oxidative phosphorylation is 30-6=24 or 32-6=26 i.e., about 4 times than substrate-level phosphorylation.
Learn more about substrate level phosphorylation here:
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Well, It would be placed in a hyper tonic solution and will shrink. Hope this helped!
The major cementing factor in
maintaining a long-term relationship is similarity. In relationships, similarity
in various characteristics such as interests and appearance remains important
as relationships tend to grow when the individuals develop and maintain the
same interests and continue to share their important principles over time.
Answer: a. Excesses are eliminated from the kidneys.
Explanation:
A fat-soluble vitamin can be dissolved in fats and oils. They are absorbed along with fats in the diet from the intestinal lumen using the same mechanisms used for absorption of lipids. Upon absorption, <u>these vitamins enter the lymph vessels</u> before making they go into the bloodstream. In most cases, fat-soluble vitamins must be coupled with a protein in order to be transported through the organism. <u>This means they are solubilized and transported by carrier proteins </u>to exert their actions.
By last, since fat-soluble vitamins can not be dissolved in water,<u> they are not readily excreted. So they can accumulate in fatty tissues</u> to toxic levels if taken in excess.
