Answer:
A hypothesis is a testable idea which can support an explanation. If there is no way to demonstrate the validity of a hypothesis, it cannot support an explanation. Therefore, it cannot be accepted by the scientific community. ... However, a hypothesis can still be useful whether it supports an explanation or not.
Answer:
In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
By maintaining amount of ions in the blood.
Countercurrent flow met the goals due to difference in concentration gradient.
Explanation:
Diffusion restored homeostasis during the dialysis treatment because during dialysis, the concentration of ion in the blood is maintained that leads to homeostasis.
Countercurrent flow met the goals because it flows in opposite direction while on the other hand, parallel flow did not meet the goals because it flows in the same direction. For example. the blood flows in one direction and the dialysate flows in the opposite direction. The countercurrent flow of the blood and dialysate increases the concentration gradient between the blood and dialysate. The increased gradient helps to remove more potassium, phosphorus and urea from the blood. If we used parallel flow so less concentration gradient of solutes is present and hence, less potassium, phosphorus and urea are removed from the blood
Answer:
Adaptive immune responses are triggered by activation of antigen-specific T cells that produce antibodies against foreign antigens such as, for example, harmful viruses. These immune responses are useful to eliminate dangerous molecules from the body. In a normal immune reaction, the antibodies produced by T-cells target antigen molecules in order to be subsequently absorbed by phagocytic macrophage cells.
Autoimmune diseases are triggered by the response of the adaptive immune system against self-antigen molecules. Since the immune system can not eliminate antigens from the own body, this immune reaction generates an excessive inflammatory response, and it may lead to the damage of tissues and organs.
