Answer:
Crossing over increases the genetic variation
Errors in crossover formation result in chromosomal rearrangements (duplications and deletions) and may also cause chromosome nondisjunction
Explanation:
Crossing over, also known as recombination, refers to the exchange of genetic material (DNA) between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Crossing over increases the genetic variation of the resulting gametes, allowing different genetic combinations to be passed from parents to offspring. Unequal crossing over is a type of error associated with chromosomal duplication and/or deletion events. Unequal crossing over occurs when homologous sequences are not paired precisely. Moreover, errors in crossing over may also cause chromosome nondisjunction, thereby leading to aneuploidies.
D.
Selective breeding
In selective breeding, the desired genes from one organism are combined with genes of another organism, resulting in a new combination of genes.
<span>The selective breeding is quite voluntary and is not necessarily natural or congenital. It is the act of how people or individuals can choose traits in the gene pool of their choice to produce their desired or goal organism in the process. This trait is influenced in the host of the specific sperm and egg cell which makes up the chromosomes. </span>
Industrial revolution produced pollution, which became the reason of black pepper moth. When time passed, they became more suitable by the process of natural selection.
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Over the past four decades, researchers have identified many types of oncogenes, including growth factor receptors, transcription factors, and intracellular signaling proteins.
<h3>What are oncogenes?</h3>
These are specific genes in an organism that can cause the formation of cancer. These genes are prone to defects that when activate, signal for a cell to become a tumor. The genes listed in the question are some examples of the types of cells that can be oncogenes.
Therefore, we can confirm that over the past four decades, researchers have identified many types of oncogenes, including growth factor receptors, transcription factors, and intracellular signaling proteins.
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