Punishment is behavioral procedure explains why Harvey doesn't load snowballs with rocks any more.
Punishment is a behavioral process in which a reaction results in the presentation of an unpleasant consequence or the removal of a pleasurable stimulus, reducing the likelihood that the response will occur again in the future under identical conditions. The punisher (i.e., aversive stimulus) must be presented in conjunction with the response, must be presented right after the response, must be used sparingly, and must be more intense than the stimulus that would otherwise be produced by the response in order for this process to be most effective. Punishment comes in two flavors: positive and negative, much like reinforcement. Positive punishment is the process of adding a stimulus to the environment in exchange for an action, which lowers the likelihood that the action will be taken again in the future.
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Answer: OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Explanation: Observational study as used in social sciences, psychology and statistics can be defined as a research in which the variable that is changed or manipulated in an experiment, is not under INFLUENCE/CONTROL of the researcher.
This is usually done due to logistical restrictions and or due to ethical reasons.
Some types of Observational study are;
Case Control study
Cross sectional study
Longitudinal study.
An example of Observational study will be observers stationed at a supermarket to see how much processed food versus fresh food was purchased.
The correct answer will be the third one. Nuclear families are generally smaller (Many of them only include parents and sons); extended families include families of the same grandparents(as uncles, aunts, cousins)
I would say C. Good luck!
