It’s the first one I believe if not its the third one
This is a false statement. For exapmle Ellis Iland...
Ivan III (the Great) Ivan III (the Great) (1440–1505) Grand Duke of Moscow (1462–1505). He laid the foundations of the future Russian Empire. By 1480 Moscow's northern rivals, including Novgorod, were absorbed by conquest or persuasion, domestic rebellion was crushed, and the Tatar threat was ended permanently.
