We find that poor economic policies have played an especially important role in the slow growth, most importantly Africa's lack of openness to international markets. In addition, geographical factors such as lack of access to the sea and tropical climate have also contributed to Africa's slow growth.
1. The early 1500s smallpox outbreak that led to an African brain drain
2. European Colonial pastts
3. Its climate is unstable due to the shape of the continent (Its taller instead of longer so the climate is more unpredictable than in Eurasia or North America)
