B, most alcoholics think that they can stop whenever they want to and that they will control their addiction when they feel like it
Answer:
Abstract reasoning
Explanation:
Abstract reasoning is related to assess a person's ability and interpretation of patterns. In abstract reasoning, a person knows the rules and patterns. Through rules and patterns, a person can find out the missing word number, pattern. Abstract reasoning is related to the general factor of spear-man. Inductive reasoning and abstract reasoning are the same. Theses can be used interchangeably by the person. Inductive reasoning is from specific to general. Thus in the question Manager level job in which Mariel takes a psychological test. She would have better performance if she would be 25 years old than 55 years old because it is based on fluid and crystallized intelligence.
Answer with Explanation:
Overt and Covert research methods are both used in <em>observing subjects.</em> The main difference relies on the "awareness" of the <em>subjects/participants</em> being studied.
In an overt research method, the subjects are <u>aware</u> that they are participating in the study while in a covert research method, the subjects are <u>unaware.</u>
The advantages of overt research method is that the participants have <em>informed consent.</em> So, whatever happens is not the fault of the researcher. Since the participants are aware, it becomes easier for the researcher to record events in their presence. On the contrary, it brings about some disadvantages. Since the participants know that they are being observed, they may be<em> inclined to change their behavior.</em> This is called the "Hawthorne Effect." This affects the validity of the outcome of the research.
The advantages of the covert research method is its <u>more valid outcome of research.</u> The participants are <em>naturally behaving,</em> which means that it is more valid as a method than the overt. It is also easier to access closed groups because they are unaware you are observing them. However, one disadvantage is the "deception" it needs to tackle as it <em>doesn't ask informed consen</em>t from its subjects. This has always raised ethical concern, especially for people who value their privacy.
So, this explains the answer.
