Answer:
The correct answer is: deposition of interferon on bacterial cells.
Explanation:
Phagocytosis is the mechanism by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to ingest a big particle, forming a phagosome within the cell. It's a form of endocytosis used by the <u>immune system to eliminate pathogens such as </u><u>bacteria </u><u>and cell debris</u>.
Phagocytosis can be enhanced through various ways when an infection is taking place in the body. For example, cytokines and TNF are secreted by different kinds of cells to stimulate this process - for these cytokines to be released, certain parts of the bacteria called PAMPs need to be recognized by specific receptors located in phagocytes and epithelial cells called TLRs. Another way to stimulate this mechanism is by depositing complement fragments on bacterial cells, which is done thanks to the Complement cascade, a system of great importance in the innate immune response against extracellular bacteria - these fragments will opsonize ("mark") the pathogens for the phagocytes to recognize them and engulf them.
Interferon, on the other hand, while hugely important on the immune response against viruses and other pathogens that infect our cells by entering them and using their organelles to replicate and translate proteins, is not an enhancer of phagocytosis, as it is mostly involved in the translation of genes that will lead to the infected cell's death.
Answer:
The cholodny-went model was proposed in 1927. This model explains the capability of the shoots to grow in the direction of the sunlight whereas the capability of the roots to grow downwards. The hypothesis suggested that both these directional growth occurred due to the asymmetrical distribution of the plant hormone, auxin. This model has been modified a number of times by other scientists but its general concept is accepted by most of the researchers.
A unique feature of diatom cells is that they are enclosed within a cell wall made of silica<span> (hydrated silicon dioxide) called a </span><span>frustule.</span>
It is not, 'imminent,' since the ozone layer in the atmosphere is slowly repairing itself. However, that being said, there is lots the human race can do to stop global warming. It may have more effect in 30 years time, but, if humans do enough, we can stop worrying. Renewable energy is a good idea to prevent global warming. Since most of it is generated from Co2 emissions from generating power. Electric cars are also good, because if we can make renewable energy (such as wind or solar power, or hydroelectric power for that matter) to power them, they will not produce emissions either.
