Answer:
A parasites is known to cause malformations, but only when it attacks tadpoles at a certain point in their development. Predators can cause missing or shortened limbs, as a partially eaten tadpoles regenerate lost tissues.
secondary succession
Explanation:
secondary succession occurs after a major natural disturbance in the environment, but the soil is still there afterwards so its faster then primary.
animals get energy indirectly from the sun
:)
