Thermocline - <span>a steep temperature gradient in a body of water, that is marked by a layer above and below at which the water is at different temperatures.
halocline - </span><span> a subtype of chemocline caused by a strong, vertical salinity gradient within a body of water.
pycnocline - </span><span>a layer in an ocean or other body of water in which water density increases rapidly with depth.</span>
When the M phase begins during the cell cycle, it starts with prophase
The process of DNA replication occurs just before S phase. In the interphase, the cell has growth and replication of DNA is getting made. In the G1 phase, there is the growth, (G1-checkpoint - cell size, growth, environment shows cell is ready to start replicating DNA. S phase- DNA is replicated.
Carbon dioxide is a reactant and oxygen and glucose are products.
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For example, pH can have an effect of the state of ionization of acidic or basic amino acids. Acidic amino acids have carboxyl functional groups in their side chains. Basic amino acids have amine functional groups in their side chains. If the state of ionization of amino acids in a protein is altered then the ionic bonds that help to determine the 3-D shape of the protein can be altered. This can lead to altered protein recognition or an enzyme might become inactive.
Changes in pH may not only affect the shape of an enzyme but it may also change the shape or charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate connot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis.
In geneal enzyme have a pH optimum. However the optimum is not the same for each enzyme.
