If mutation destroys the function of the Cas9 gene then the bacteria will not be able to target a specific bacteriophage for destruction upon infection for the second time.
<h3>What is the Cas9 gene?</h3>
- Cas9 is a 160 kilodalton protein that plays a vital role in the immunological defense of certain bacteria against DNA viruses and plasmids and is heavily utilized in genetic engineering applications.
- Its main function is to cut DNA and thereby alter a cell's genome.
- Although Cas9 is an endonuclease and is evolved as a mechanism of immunity against viruses, they are not considered restriction enzymes.
To learn more about the Cas9 gene,
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Answer:
1) By 11:30pm
2) Shortly before midnight (few minutes to 12:00am)
Explanation:
Since the strain of bacteria takes 1 minute to divide (double its population), and by midnight (12:00am) the entire bottle becomes full, then:
I) Subtract Initial division time from Final division time i.e 12:00 - 11:00 = 1 hour
II) Split 1 hour into two (60minutes makes 1 hour)
I hour/2 = 30 minutes
Definitely, the bottle will be half filled by 11:30pm
2) Once half filled, the rapidly dividing cells reach for the top of the bottle as midnight approaches. By 11:50pm upwards, bottle space must have been running out
Answer:
DNA ligase
Explanation:
DNA replication is an enzyme mediated, 3-step process during which the DNA molecule produces a copy of itself. The 3 steps involved are as follows;
- initiation
- elongation
- termination
<em>Initiation </em>involves the unwinding of the double helix structure of the DNA using DNA helicase enzyme
<em>Elongation</em> involves binding of RNA primer to the DNA strands and addition of bases to the primer<em> </em>to elongate the new chains. Bases are added to the leading strand continuously while the lagging strand is replicated in short segments (okazaki segments).
<em>Termination</em> involves the unbinding of RNA primer and substitution of its bases by DNA bases. The Okazaki fragments are then joined together using the DNA ligase enzyme.
<em>The short, numerous segments of DNA observed in the mixture is the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand. This is due to the absence of the enzyme involved in the joining of these fragments.</em>
Hence, the answer is DNA ligase.
Answer: The main difference between organ and organelle is that organ is a large part of an organism, composed of tissues which perform similar functions whereas organelle is a specialized structure found inside cells, which carries out a specific life process. Organelles form cells.
