Answer
Most of these techniques, including microarray analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), work by measuring mRNA levels. However, researchers can also analyze gene expression by directly measuring protein levels with a technique known as a Western blot.
Answer:
The sodium–potassium pump is found in many cell (plasma) membranes. Powered by ATP, the pump moves sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions, each against its concentration gradient. In a single cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are extruded from and two potassium ions are imported into the cell.
Explanation:
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Answer:
A) climate change...........
Answer:
Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes.
Explanation:
Many vesicles are formed in the Golgi bodies and the endoplasmic reticulum, that is responsible for the transportation of materials from one part of the cell to another. Endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that launches the toxin-loaded vesicles or in other words it is responsible for detoxification i. e. removal of toxic substances from the cell. Lysosomes is the organelle that act against the microorganisms such as bacteria , virus etc.
