This question has choices namely:
preload
afterload
contractility
cardiac reserve
The correct answer is preload. Preload is the filling capacity of the heart and it corresponds to the volume of the blood that fills the ventricles during a cycle. In this case, the left ventricle needs to accommodate the increased volume from the right heat therefore increasing the filling capacity therefore the preload.
Afterload is the pressure that the heart needs to overcome to pump the blood. In the right ventricle, the pressure is the pulmonary arteries wherein the right ventricle needs to contract and generate a pressure greater than the pulmonary arteries for the blood to move out the ventricle. Similarly, in the left ventricle, the source of pressure is the aorta and the left ventricle needs to contract and generate a pressure greater than the aorta and the systemic circulation for the blood to move out of the ventricle.
Contractility is the force of contraction of each ventricle in one cycle.
The kelp would not survive if warm waters rise, the nutrient bed lays with the cold waters
The intermediate disturbance hypothesis predicts that communities with intermediate levels of disturbance will have the most diversity. If disturbances become too rare, competitive dominants will eliminate other species, reducing diversity as equilibrium conditions develop.
The intermediate disturbance hypothesis predicts that the highest levels of diversity will occur at moderate disturbance levels. We investigated the species diversity, abundance, and species diversity of bacteria on the human body in relation to washing disturbance. According to IDH theory, diversity is maximized at intermediate levels of disturbance because species that thrive at both early and late successional stages can coexist. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) proposes that when ecological disturbance is neither too rare nor too frequent, local species diversity is maximized.
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1) As blood groups A and B are equally dominant so the individual will express both characteristics in the phenotype.
Notice how in all the 3 other examples the organism is only expensive 1 version (allele) of each gene. For example the mouse with brown fur may have 2 brown fur alleles (and so would have to express this characteristic even if it was recessive) but it could have 1 allele which is less dominant than the brown, in which case brown would be expressed. In this case the alleles were not co-dominant.
