A phylogenetic tree<span> or evolutionary </span>tree<span> is a branching diagram or "</span>tree<span>" showing the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their </span>phylogeny<span>—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.</span>
The correct answer is option A. They either match up with a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell or enter the cell through the membrane.
The intercellular signals are the signals, which transfer the signals from one cell to the another and the intracellular signals are those signals, which carries message within the cell.
The intercellular signals may or may not be transferred through the gap junctions. The chemical signals are one of the type of the cell signals. The chemical signalling molecules generally have a receptor on the cells, where these molecules can bind and can be cause the activation of the cell. The chemical signals can also enter into the cells through active transport and facilitated diffusion. So, these type of transports does not go through the Gap junction.
<span>The fluid flows through the interventricular foramen into the third ventricle, is augmented by fluid formed by the choroid plexus of this ventricle, and passes through the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle, which also possesses a choroid plexus. The CSF from all theses sources , as well as any formed in the central canal of the spinal cord, escapes from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space through the median aperture and lateral aperture.</span>
The answer is speciation by geographic isolation. When the population of a species gets separated due to reasons such as continental drift, mountains, canyons, etc. then each separated group of population may survive and adapt to their respective environment leading to speciation. These barriers do not allow the evolving populations to interbreed initially and over time when they evolve into different species they become completely reproductively isolated.
