Answer:
Since high ethanol is a major stress during ethanol fermentation, ethanol-tolerant yeast strains are highly desirable for ethanol production on an industrial scale. A technology called global transcriptional machinery engineering (gTME), which exploits a mutant SPT15 library that encodes the TATA-binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Alper et al., 2006; Science 314: 1565-1568), appears to be a powerful tool. to create ethanol tolerant strains. However, the ability of the strains created to tolerate high ethanol content in rich media remains to be demonstrated. In this study, a similar strategy was used to obtain five strains with higher ethanol tolerance (ETS1-5) of S. cerevisiae. When comparing the global transcriptional profiles of two selected strains ETS2 and ETS3 with that of the control, 42 genes that were commonly regulated with a double change were identified. Of the 34 deletion mutants available in an inactivated gene library, 18 were sensitive to ethanol, suggesting that these genes were closely associated with tolerance to ethanol.
Explanation:
Eight of them were novel and most were functionally unknown. To establish a basis for future industrial applications, the iETS2 and iETS3 strains were created by integrating the SPT15 mutant alleles of ETS2 and ETS3 into the chromosomes, which also exhibited increased tolerance to ethanol and survival after ethanol shock in a rich medium. Fermentation with 20% glucose for 24 h in a bioreactor revealed that iETS2 and iETS3 grew better and produced approximately 25% more ethanol than a control strain. The performance and productivity of ethanol also improved substantially: 0.31 g / g and 2.6 g / L / h, respectively, for the control and 0.39 g / g and 3.2 g / L / h, respectively, for iETS2 and iETS3.
Therefore, our study demonstrates the utility of gTME in generating strains with increased tolerance to ethanol that resulted in increased ethanol production. Strains with increased tolerance to other stresses such as heat, fermentation inhibitors, osmotic pressure, etc., can be further created using gTME.
What structure is found in prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?
a. a single, circular DNA chromosome found in the cytoplasm
because :
Prokaryotic cells may also contain extrachromosomal DNA, or DNA that is not part of the chromosome. This extrachromosomal DNA is found in plasmids, which are small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules.
Yes plant cells do have mitochondira
The overall magnification of a microscope is calculated by multiplying the objective lens's magnification by the optical lens' magnification.
However, you must first ascertain the optical lens's magnification power before computing the total magnification. The ocular lens typically magnifies 10 times.
Find out how much the objective lens can magnify. On the side of the lens is printed the magnification. The value may formerly be 4X, 10X, 40X, or 100X.
Multiplying the ocular lens' magnification power with the objective lens' power yields the compound light microscope's overall magnification. For instance, a 400X total magnification would be achieved with a 10X ocular and a 40X objective. The compound light microscope has a maximum total magnification of 1000X.
Learn more about microscopes here:
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The larynx is an nicknamed the "voice box" because it holds the vocal cords inside. It helps change the pitch and volume of our voices as we speak. It is the only part of the body capable of doing this job, so we don't ever want it removed. Our voices would be much more monotone sounding. The larynx connects the pharynx to the trachea in the neck. It is also capable of allowing air through for us to breathe, but does not let anything (food or drink) block the airway. This is obviously a daily function since we eat and drink numerous times daily and usually have no problems breathing while eating and drinking. This is thanks to the larynx.
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