Answer:Islam had already spread into northern Africa by the mid-seventh century A.D., only a few decades after the prophet Muhammad moved with his followers from Mecca to Medina on the neighboring Arabian Peninsula (622 A.D./1 A.H.). The Arab conquest of Spain and the push of Arab armies as far as the Indus River culminated in an empire that stretched over three continents, a mere hundred years after the Prophet’s death. Between the eighth and ninth centuries, Arab traders and travelers, then African clerics, began to spread the religion along the eastern coast of Africa and to the western and central Sudan (literally, “Land of Black people”), stimulating the development of urban communities. Given its negotiated, practical approach to different cultural situations, it is perhaps more appropriate to consider Islam in Africa in terms of its multiple histories rather then as a unified movement.
The first converts were the Sudanese merchants, followed by a few rulers and courtiers (Ghana in the eleventh century and Mali in the thirteenth century). The masses of rural peasants, however, remained little touched. In the eleventh century, the Almoravid intervention , led by a group of Berber nomads who were strict observers of Islamic law, gave the conversion process a new momentum in the Ghana empire and beyond. The spread of Islam throughout the African continent was neither simultaneous nor uniform, but followed a gradual and adaptive path. However, the only written documents at our disposal for the period under consideration derive from Arab sources (see, for instance, accounts by geographers al-Bakri and Ibn Battuta)
Explanation: Hope this helps you~!<\3
Answer: Dictatorship is the absence of the rule of law and law.
Explanation:
- A dictatorship is a form of government where an individual or a small group of people who ultimately control the government. Dictators are not restricted by law. The absence of opposition political authority characterizes the dictatorship. The media is under the control of the authorities, and the police and military have great powers. The freedom of citizens is wholly restricted, and the state has control over cultural and other events in society.
Throughout history, there have been many forms of dictatorship around the world:
- Communist dictatorship in Russia.
The most famous dictators in History were Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Stalin, Japanese Emperor Hirohito, and many others.This form of government in the modern world is still present today in North Korea, where one man controls all political and social movements.
The answer is actually D, <span>keep the proceedings secret and abandon the Articles of Confederation.</span>
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A benevolent society is a charity group organized to serve a community through programs, sponsorship and donations.There were three types of benevolent society in colonial and early national America.
The oldest were mutual societies, such as the St. Andrew's Society and the Union Society.
Benevolent associations were meant to help the poor who were not able to clothe or feed themselves.
