Washington believes that government is the edifice of the real independence. Washington urges that the "love of liberty", and the ''glory of government'', together represents the one strong nation. The real independence lies in the unity of government which is important to the citizens of the United States because unity supports our independence, peace, safety, prosperity, and liberty.
<span>it was railroad overbuilding and shaky railroad financing which set off a series of bank failure</span>
This is a lightly tricky question because I think its a matter of perspective. Portugal is known to have been a key player in the fifteen century when it came to navigation and during this period, they <span>searched for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. In doing so they accumulated a plethora of knowledge about navigation and the geography of the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the maps started during their era. Where the Spanish came in was later in the century when Columbus was 'rejected' by Portugal and King Ferdinand along with Queen Isabella who had just joined Castille and Aragon decided to take a chance on him and gave him funding along with three ships for him to journey to the East Indies to bring Fame and Wealth to the name Spain (to find an alternative route to the expensive trade one they had across land (Europe & Asia... they heard of the wealth of the east, the beauty of Cinpango (japan) was recorded by Marco Polo etc.)
So in drawing a conclusion I say Portugal was responsible for the early phase of European Exploration while Spain would be responsible for continuing this exploration thus responsible for the middle Exploration while countries such as Britain, France and Holland were responsible for the late European Exploration.</span>
Answer:
B) Jews and Christians grew closer
Explanation:
The Crusades brought together different layers of the population of countries and brought together all European nationalities. Europeans came to be aware of themselves as a whole. At the same time, Europeans, having become closely acquainted with the peoples of the East, clarified two important features. The first one is that the peoples of the East are not wild barbarians and backward pagans. In culture and customs, they were higher than European aliens. The second one is that the peoples of the West began to realize their national characteristics. They abandoned religious prejudices and learned to see people like themselves in other nations. Jews escaped from the pogroms of the crusaders, taking refuge in royal castles. Conrad III granted Jews refuge in his ancestral lands (Nuremberg and others); the bishop of Cologne placed at their disposal the Valkenburg fortress, in which the Jews defended themselves against the crusaders with weapons in their hands. Many Jews maintained personal contacts with Christian scholars, traders, and customers, while learning from them and sharing their experiences and knowledge with them. Slowly but inexorably, the center of Jewish history was shifting to the West, because the basic socio-economic and cultural realities were stronger than psychological biases.
The consequences of this violent catastrophe were many. A cessation of wars and a sudden slump in trade immediately followed but were only of short duration. A more lasting and serious consequence was the drastic reduction of the amount of land under cultivation, due to the deaths of so many labourers. This proved to be the ruin of many landowners. The shortage of labour compelled them to substitute wages or money rents in place of labour services in an effort to keep their tenants. There was also a general rise in wages for artisans and peasants. These changes brought a new fluidity to the hitherto rigid stratification of society.
