Find the output, y, when the input, x, is -9
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Answer:
The probability that Polly's Sample will give a result within 1% of the value 65% is 0.6424
Step-by-step explanation:
The variable that assigns the value 1 if a person had its original major and 0 otherwise is a Bernoulli variable with paramenter 0.65. Since she asked the question to 1850 people, then the number of students that will have their original major is a Binomial random variable with parameters n = 1850, p = 0.65.
Since the sample is large enough, we can use the Central Limit Theorem to approximate that random variable to a Normal random variable, which we will denote X.
The parameters of X are determined with the mean and standard deviation of the Binomal that we are approximating. The mean is np = 1850*0.65 = 1202.5, and the standard deviation is √np(1-p) = √(1202.5*0.35) = 20.5152.
We want to know the probability that X is between 0.64*1850 = 1184 and 0.66*1850 = 1221 (that is, the percentage is between 64 and 66). In order to calculate this, we standarize X so that we can work with a standard normal random variable W ≈ N(0,1). The standarization is obtained by substracting the mean from X and dividing the result by the standard deviation, in other words
The values of the cummulative function of the standard normal variable W, which we will denote are tabulated and they can be found in the attached file.
Now, we are ready to compute the probability that X is between 1184 and 1221. Remember that, since the standard random variable is symmetric through 0, then \phi(-z) = 1-\phi(z) for each positive value z.
Therefore, the probability that Polly's Sample will give a result within 1% of the value 65% is 0.6424.
All exercises involve the same concept, so I'll show you how to do the first, then you can apply the exact same logic to all the others.
The first thing you need to know is that, when a certain quantity multiplies a parenthesis, you can distribute that number to every element in the parenthesis. This means that
So, is multiplying the parenthesis involving
and
, and we distributed it:
multiplies both
and
in the final result.
Secondly, you have to know how to recognize like terms, because they are the only terms you can sum. Two terms can be summed if they have the same literal expression. So, for example, you cannot sum , and neither
exponents count.
But you can su, for example,
or
So, take for example exercise 9:
We distribute the 1.2 through the first parenthesis:
And you can distribute the negative sign through the second parenthesis (it counts as a -1 to distribute):
So, the expression becomes
Now sum like terms: