Its protons because we know electrons= protons so its postive so a)
B. CO2 levels in the atmosphere could increase and contribute to global warming problems.
One of the major elements of natural selection is that all species have genetic variation. Natural selection is a process when organisms adapt better to their environment. It is an essential key in evolution. There is a change in phenotype of a population over time.
The hawk, a carnivore (animal meat-eater), is predating on the rabbit, an herbivore (plant-eater). So the hawk can be seen as the predator and the rabbit as the prey.
But another type of relationship important in Ecology is consumers. So producers are the plants that feed a food web. That makes the rabbits the primary consumers (herbivores) of these plants. Then the hawks become the secondary consumers (carnivores) of the primary consumers, by eating the herbivores.
Hope that this makes sense!
(1)
Troposphere – This is the densest layer and where weather events occur
Stratosphere – This is where the ozone layer is found. Some high altitude aircraft cruise in this layer.
Mesosphere – Temperatures drop with altitude in this layer
Thermosphere – This is where most of the meteorites that enter the earth’s atmosphere burn up. This layer takes up most of the Uv and X-rays from the sun. Most satellites orbiting earth are in this layer
Exosphere – almost akin to space due to the thinness of the layer. Molecules in the layer often escape into space
(2)
A ‘pause’ is a transition between the above-mentioned distinct layers. The tropopause, for example, occurs between the troposphere and the stratosphere and the stratopause between the stratosphere and mesosphere and thermopause is found between thermosphere and exosphere.
(3)
A temperature inversion is a rise in temperatures with altitude in a layer in the atmosphere. One layer exhibiting temperature inversion is the stratosphere. This is due to the ozone layer that absorbs UV light. The upper ozone absorbs most of the UV light, than lower ozone, exciting the molecules and making the higher altitudes in the layer to be warmer.
(4)
The ozone layer protects life on earth from the high energy UV radiation from the sun. UV is capable of causing double-stranded break on DNA resulting in genetic mutations on organisms. Most of these would be lethal. The Ozone absorbs most of the UV before it reaches earth's surface. Ozone is formed when an oxygen molecule reacts with another oxygen atom to form an O₃. The oxygen atoms are made from the splitting of an oxygen molecule by UV light.
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For more on the atmosphere check out;
brainly.com/question/13633485
brainly.com/question/2846796
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