Before the development of new criticism and formalism, the common approach to interpreting literature was traditional literary criticism.
Traditional Literary criticism was used before the development of formalism and new criticism to interpret literature. Traditional literary criticism focuses on the author's biographical information and how it influences the work.
This criticism ignores reader response and focuses upon the author, time period, and text alone. Traditional literary criticism places the text back into the period which it came from in order for the reader to better understand the intent of the author.
Hence, before the development of new criticism and formalism, the literature was was interpreted by traditional literary criticism.
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A lot of stress over a period of time
Answer:
d. reaction formation.
Explanation:
Reaction formation: In psychology, the term "reaction formation" is described as one of the defense mechanism which is considered as one of the different parts of the psychoanalytic theory and was introduced by Sigmund Freud.
Reaction formation is referred to as a process through which an individual tends to perceives his or her true or genuine desires or feelings to be legally or socially acceptable and therefore he or she attempts to convince oneself and other persons that the opposite of a particular thing is true.
In the question above, Ben best illustrates the use of reaction formation.
Because the ambassadors must deal with many things related to diplomacy. A good ambassador possess an abiding interest in and passion for the art and craft of diplomacy and international relations,Demonstrate an analytical temperament, Be a tough and effective negotiator, Study history, <span>Prudently speak his opinion to power. Career diplomats normaly have these and more characteristics</span>
