Answer:
Explanation:
Galactosemia is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by changes, or mutations, in both copies of an individual’s GALT gene. In the majority of cases, children with galactosemia do not have parents with galactosemia. Mother and father separately are a silent carrier of the condition, which is expressed in the child (autosomal recessive inheritance).
Each individual has two copies of the GALT gene – one from father and one from mother. In case of any changes of these genes (mutations) that prevents the gene from working correctly. In order to inherit galactosemia, it is necessary for a child to have two GALT gene changes. In case of one GALT gene change there is no galactosemia.
Infants with galactosemia may be identified through newborn screening programs or by symptoms that present during the first few weeks of life. Untreated infants develop liver and kidney disease, cataracts in their eyes, and serious infections.
Answer:
Predicting the genotype of offspring
. Determine all possible combinations of alleles in the gametes for each parent. Half of the gametes get a dominant S and a dominant Y allele; the other half of the gametes get a recessive s and a recessive y allele. Both parents produce 25% each of SY, Sy, sY, and sy.
Explanation:
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Respiratory- You breath faster to help supply the muscles with more oxygen.
Integumentary (skin) - Sweat helps cool down the body.
Yes accumulation of mutation can drive aging process.
Explanation:
The molecular damage that occurs in cells and tissues for a long time due to DNA damage and epigenetic changes gets accumulated in the cell.
This leads to lowering of the homeostasis in the cell during stress conditions and eventually risks of life-threatening diseases as cancers or neurodegenerative disorders develop.
Due to mutation in the gene DNA repair mechanism also gets affected this also contributes to the ageing of cells.
The telomere of the chromosome is shortened after every mitotic division but telomerase enzyme keeps adding the DNA sequence preventing shortening aging and death of the cell. If the mutation occurs in this enzyme it will increase the ageing of cells at high rate.
