Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a protein molecule. Proteins are polymers — specifically polypeptides — formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a residue (chemistry) indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein.[1] To be able to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the topic of the scientific field of structural biology, which employs techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and dual polarisation interferometry to determine the structure of proteins.
Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.[2] By physical size, proteins are classified as nanoparticles, between 1–100 nm. Very large aggregates can be formed from protein subunits. For example, many thousands of actin molecules assemble into a microfilament.
A protein may undergo reversible structural changes in performing its biological function. The alternative structures of the same protein are referred to as different conformational isomers, or simply, conformations, and transitions between them are called conformational changes.
"Stretching the neck enabled giraffes to reach higher, which gives them an advantage to survive, reproduce, and pass on this trait" is the one sentence among all the choices given in the question that best describes the claim. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the second option or option "B".
Answer:
Carrying capacity is defined a the ability of the natural ecosystem to take care of the environment which does not necessarily cause the resistance in population increase.
Explanation:
The earth indeed has a mechanism of delivering changes to the system and keeping it intact but as the case of the rapid growth of population arises the mother nature sees this as an exponent of unsustainable growth as the resource used to sustain large populations is no longer available or are exhausted.
A population increase so does the carrying capacity and workload of the natural environment which at the time gets slow due either due to the man's artificial technology or the natural process like hurricane or earthquake itself.
But seeing the nature as providing possibilities for the existence of the societies throughout ages and hence trying to maintain its originality may break those activities that it considers resistance as several biotic factors like predators, disease, competition, and lack of food.
