Answer:
Organisms use various strategies and adaptations to regulate body temperature and metabolism. The organisms control the exchange of heat by various ways which include physiological, behavioural means and by insulation.
The factors which play most important role in the heat exchange regulation between environment and organism are as follows:
- effective temperature difference between organism and environment
- Exposed surface area
- Evaporatory and circulatory changes
<u>Insulation</u> :Another most common method used for heat exchange.Animals who have furs,feathers and fat layers which play significant role in insulation. They are very much important because they reduce heat exchange amount between environment and organism. The most common example is of Cats. They used to curl up their bodies when they want to sleep in cold environment, they tuck their bodies in their paws and legs, and they wasp their tails around their bodies. When organism uses the food and oxygen the body temperature begins to increase, this method is known as metabolic heat production.
Answer:
During the second half of glycolysis , <u>ATP is made</u> occurs .
Explanation:
Glycolysis -
In the first pathway of Glycolysis in the cytoplasm , it breakdowns the glucose to release energy .
Glycolysis has two parts -
In the first part , the six carbon moiety glucose break down to two three - carbon sugar moieties , in this process two molecule of ATP are invested .
In the second part , glycolysis extracts ATP and electron of high energy from the hydrogen atoms and gets attached to the NAD⁺ , in this process four ATP molecules are formed by the substrate phosphorylation .
Hence,
In the net process , Two molecules of ATP are formed .
1. B Stomach
2. C Small intestine
3. A Chyme
4. D None of the Above
5. C Both A and B
6. D Blood
By starch, I'm assuming you mean glycogen, or animal starch.
Similarities:
Both are polysaccharide molecules made from glucose molecules linked together in a long chain.
Both are storehouses of energy.
Differences:
Glycogen is made in animal cells and is the only form of starch animals can digest (unless they have certain microbes in their intestinal tracts to break down cellulose, which all herbivores need).
Cellulose is made in plant cells.
The bonds are a bit different; the molecules are isomers. Glycogen bonds with what is called an alpha 1,4 bond, meaning that the first carbon of one glucose molecule is bonded to the 4th carbon of the next glucose molecule, but in a way that puts the bonds in a shape that falls below the plane of the molecule, and allows branching.
Cellulose bonds with beta 1,4 bonds. The first and fourth carbons of adjoining glucose molecules are still connected, but the shape of the bond falls above the plane of the molecule and does not branch.
Since enzymes are specific to their substrates, the enzymes shaped to fit glycogen bonds do not fit on cellulose bonds, which is why animals cannot digest cellulose on their own. In herbivores, there are microbes in their digestive tracts which can produce enzymes to break these bonds so the glucose can be used. In carnivores and omnivores like humans, there is no enzyme to break down cellulose so it becomes 'roughage' in our diets. It passes through the digestive tract without being broken down.
